Commensalism Definition, Examples, and Relationships

Commensalism Definition, Examples, and Relationships Commensalism is a sort of connection between two living life forms in which one creature profits by the other without hurting it. A commensal animal varieties profits by another species by getting velocity, sanctuary, food, or backing from the host species, which (generally) neither advantages nor is hurt. Commensalism ranges from brief collaborations between species to deep rooted beneficial interaction. Commensalism Definition The term was begat in 1876 by Belgian scientist and zoologist Pierre-Joseph van Beneden, alongside the term mutualism. Beneden at first applied the word to depict the action of cadaver eating creatures that followed predators to eat their waste food. The word commensalism originates from the Latin word commensalis, which means sharing a table. Commensalism is frequently examined in the fields of nature and science, despite the fact that the term stretches out to different sciences. Terms Related to Commensalism Commensalism is regularly mistaken for related words: Mutualism - Mutualism is aâ relationship in which two creatures profit by one another. Amensalism - A relationship wherein one life form is hurt while the other isn't influenced. Parasitism - A relationship where one creature benefits and the other is hurt. Theres regularly banter about whether a specific relationship is a case of commensalism or another sort of communication. For instance, a few researchers think about the connection among individuals and gut microscopic organisms to be a case of commensalism, while others trust it is mutualistic in light of the fact that people may increase a profit by the relationship. Instances of Commensalism Remora fish have a plate on their heads that makes them ready to join to bigger creatures, for example, sharks, mantas, and whales. At the point when the bigger creature takes care of, the remora disconnects itself to eat the extra food.Nurse plants are bigger plants that offer security to seedlings from the climate and herbivores, allowing them a chance to grow.Tree frogs use plants as protection.Golden jackals, when they have been ousted from a pack, will trail a tiger to benefit from the remaining parts of its kills.Goby fish live on other ocean creatures, changing shading to mix in with the host, hence picking up assurance from predators.Cattle egrets gobble the bugs worked up by steers when they are munching. The dairy cattle are unaffected, while the fowls gain food.The burdock plant produces barbed seeds that stick to the hide of creatures or attire of people. The plants depend on this technique for seed dispersal for proliferation, while the creatures are unaffected. Kinds of Commensalism (With Examples) Inquilinism - In inquilinism, one living being utilizes another for perpetual lodging. A model is a winged creature that lives in a tree gap. Here and there epiphytic plants developing on trees are viewed as iniquilism, while others should seriously mull over this to be a parasitic relationship on the grounds that the epiphyte may debilitate the tree or take supplements that would somehow or another go to the host. Metabiosis - Metabiosis is a commensalistic relationship in which one living being structures a living space for another. A model is a recluse crab, which utilizes a shell from a dead gastropod for insurance. Another model would be parasites living on a dead creature. Phoresy - In phoresy, one creature connects to another for transport. This sort of commensalism is frequently found in arthropods, for example, bugs living on creepy crawlies. Different models incorporate anemone connection to recluse crab shells, pseudoscorpions living on warm blooded creatures, and millipedes going on flying creatures. Phoresy might be either commit or facultative. Microbiota - Microbiota are commensal creatures that structure networks inside a host living being. A model is the bacterial verdure found on human skin. Researchers differ on whether microbiota is really a sort of commensalism. On account of skin verdure, for instance, there is proof the microscopic organisms present some assurance on the host (which would be mutualism). Tamed Animals and Commensalism Household pooches, felines, and different creatures seem to have begun with commensal associations with people. On account of the pooch, DNA proof demonstrates hounds related themselves with individuals before people changed from chasing social event to agribusiness. Its accepted the predecessors of canines followed trackers to eat survives from corpses. After some time, the relationship became mutualistic, where people additionally profited by the relationship, picking up protection from different predators and help following and killing prey. As the relationship changed, so did the qualities of mutts. Reference: Larson G (2012). Reconsidering hound taming by coordinating hereditary qualities, paleohistory, and biogeography. Procedures of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America. 109: 8878â€83.

Wilhelm II: Policy Making in 1914 Berlin

Wilhelm II: Policy Making in 1914 Berlin Q. Who was accountable for approach in Berlin in 1914 and for what reason did they go about as theyâ did? ‘A lively progress to a settler approach will give Germany the spaceâ it needs . . . A fruitless war can close to set Germany back,â although for quite a while; England it can annihilate. As victor England will beâ rid of an ungainly contender; Germany will become what England isâ now, the world power.’ (Das Neue Deutschland) ‘The unending accentuation on harmony at each open door †reasonable andâ unsuitable †has, over the most recent 43 years of harmony, created an altogetherâ eunuch-like demeanor among the legislators and ambassadors of Europe’ (Wilhelm II) Antiquarians of the Great War partition into two principle camps while discussing who were the central arrangement creators and men responsible for Germany at the flare-up of war in the late spring of 1914. The principal school, drove antiquarians, for example, Fritz Fischer, contends that Germany’s Kaiser, Wilhelm II, Germany’s Imperial Chancellor, Bethmann Hollweg, and Germany’s Chief of the General Staff, Helmuth Moltke, intrigued to purposely and deliberately start full-scale and non-limited war. This school expresses that Germany’s radical aspirations †as exemplified in the citations above †developing as they outed of national pride and richness of her unification in 1871, had given Germany a voracious craving to duplicate and outperform the political authority delighted in then by England. The subsequent school, drove by for the most part outdated and wistful German national students of history like Kessler, rejects the proposal of a Ã¢â‚¬Ë œpremeditated European war’ and sets a situation where, under outrageous global tension, Germany’s government officials needed to, if all else fails, surrender position to the military with the goal that they could protect Germany from unfriendly neighbors. This article will contend that the extraordinary majority of past and authentic proof  ­Ã¢â‚¬ Wilhelm’s and others individual journals, military records, parliamentary papers, etc †uncover that the primary school has it right when they state that arrangement was made in conspiracy between Wilhelm II, Bethmann and Moltke’s armed force. These arrangement creators went about as they did in light of the fact that they expected that their chance for colonialist development was going to close, and with it Germany’s since quite a while ago looked for any expectations of force to be reckoned with. The Imperial Chancellor and Moltke controlled the Reichstag and Kaiser Wilhelm II in order to incite the intentional certainty of war.. As indicated by Hewitson[1], two conceivably conclusive approach creators †the German open: especially the recently framed industrialized and urbanized classes; and German ideological groups †were sidelined from significant arrangement choices close to the beginning of the war. The unification of Germany under Bismarck in 1871 had, as in Italy, brought up a great soul of patriotism among Germans, and this patriot pride streamed out into aspirations for Germany to have a realm to match those of England and France. In a similar period, German culture experienced a gigantic social and political change, with power moving from the old Junker and rural classes to Germany’s colossal new urbanized masses. This move from horticulture to industry implied that the urbanized Germans presently had a possibly definitive voice in national issues and arrangement choices. In 1914 it was not express anyway that Germany’s industrialized residents would have consistently supporte d the kind of war that was pronounced by its pioneers that mid year. Bethmann presumptively asserted, after the war, that ‘. . . the war didn't emerge out of single strategic activities, yet was somewhat an aftereffect of open passion’. In actuality, while the German open knew the general foundation to the global circumstance, they knew almost nothing at about the specific choices and approaches that were being made by their pioneers in the basic weeks in July 1914. Obviously, not knowing about the reality of occasions in Serbia and Austria, the German open couldn't utilize their significant capacity to have any impact upon the approach choices behind those occasions. Hewitson[2] contends that Bethmann, Zimmermann, Jagow, the Kaiser and Moltke purposely kept the German individuals in obscurity since they expected that the individuals may raise restriction to a forceful and non-limited clash. In this manner, Clemens von Delbruck, Secretary of State for the Interior in 1914, could express that ‘. . . we (the Chancellor’s division) have not spoken about international strategy by any stretch of the imagination, the day by day press was totally quiet, and nobody among the guests present speculated the smallest thing about the up and coming threat of war’. Writers and the open they announced for were exposed to an extensive and expand endeavors from the Kaiser and his military to disguise Germany’s genuine goals until such a point, that when became known to the general population, it might want Germany was a casualty and just battling a ‘defensive’ and ‘localized’ war. The Chief of Wilhelm’s Na val Cabinet in this way expressed in July 1914 that ‘The government has overseen splendidly to make us (Germany) resemble the attacked’[3][4]. A comparable cover was tossed over the eyes of Germany’s legislators and ideological groups. Following Archduke Ferdinand’s death in Sarajevo, a large portion of Germany’s government officials were away from Berlin on their yearly occasions; this straightforward actuality implied that their impact over approach, and any resistance they may have typically raised to the hostility of Wilhelm and Moltke, was to a great extent killed by their nonattendance. When lawmakers came back to Berlin, the choice to do battle had been made and they had no review capacity to switch this arrangement. Similarly, German lawmakers were blamable for a significant underestimation of the earnestness of occasions after the Sarajevo shelling. Legislators and liberal papers, for example, the Vossiche Zeitung and the Frankfurter Zeitung said in the quick outcome of the death that the ‘Serbian government had no part in the crime’; even conservative papers, for example, the Berl iner Neueste Nachrichten neither foreseen nor called for reprisal against Serbia for the death. This disposition can be applauded for trying to assuage Germany and to keep away from war; it can in like manner be condemned for a specific naivety, disparaging the genuine aims of the German military. These two gatherings then †the German open and the German legislators †can be said to have had an extremely constrained impact upon the arrangement choices taken in July 1914. In the event that not these, who at that point were the central arrangement creators in control in 1914? Kaiser Wilhelm II apparently, and maybe in actuality, was a focal figure in such choices. Wilhelm was the incomparable figure in German life: he was Commander-in-Chief of the German armed force, and was engaged by Articles 11 and 18 of the German constitution to announce war. The partners perceived Wilhelm’s centrality in controlling strategy in 1914 when at the Treaty of Versailles they named him as a ‘war criminal’ with direct obligation regarding Germany’s intentional endeavor to start the war. This image of Wilhelm’s focal inclusion, and his longing for war, is upheld by narrative proof from the many months promptly going before the war. Composing of Friedrich von Pourtales, German diplomat to Russia, Wilhelm said that ‘†¦ he would improve to leave unwritten’ his considerations about Russia’s absence of want for war. A fterward, additionally of Pourtales, that ‘He makes the individuals who are oblivious of Russia and powerless, suspect characters among his perusers, absolutely confused’[5]. Various other ambassadorial reports and journals uncover that, inside the German and global discretionary network, Wilhelm’s suppositions were accepted to straightforwardly shape and decide the bearing of German remote policy[6]. Given the tone and substance of the citations refered to above, plainly, if Wilhelm did undoubtedly have as much force as his negotiators accepted, that he utilized this to induce war purposely and on an excellent scale rather ‘in defence’ or in a ‘localized context’. Regardless, various students of history, Kennedy and Herwig for example, contend that strategic evaluations of Wilhelm’s powers were blinkered, and that in truth he had significantly little impact over approach in 1914. Kennedy[7] portrays how Wilhelm’s force and impact over approach, at its summit around 1900, started to disappear because of outrage and ineptitude in the years going before 1914. The awful Daily Telegraph international strategy choices, just as the Eulenberg court outrage, had prompted plunge of his position among both the German open and its decision elites; in Kennedy’s state he did not have a ‘personal regime’ that would have given progressively conclusive impact over approach. Wilhelm II bewildered his loss of power by hauling behind him a company of inept ambassadorial and strategic staff, for example, Pourtales, Wilhelm von Schoen and Karl Max von Lichnowsky. The Imperial Chancellor, Bethmann Hollweg, had regularly contradicted Wilhelm’s choices in the years prior to the war, and right now of the Serbian emergency reports show that Bethmann’s power unmistakably surpassed that controlled by Wilhelm. For example, on July fifth 1914, Alexander von Hykos, spoke to Germany for help in the Serbian emergency; Wilhelm II without a moment's delay guaranteed Ladislaus Szogyeny-Marich, Austria’s represetative to Berlin German’s absolute help, yet molded this guarantee with the accompanying words ‘. . . that he (Wilhelm) should initially hear what the Imperial Chancellor needed to

War and Peace and Anna Karenina Comparison Essay Example For Students

War and Peace and Anna Karenina Comparison Essay The two books, War and Peace and Anna Karenina are both progressive stories enveloping scholarly topics, concealed realities and the unwavering significance of society in a nation where inner strife and flimsiness rules. These social orders are exceptional; the measure of profundity for each character, level of multidimensionality, and the joining of characters cooperated to produce a practical Russian culture. In both of these books, notwithstanding, there is one character that is basic to the turn of events and association of the novel. These characters don't generally show up as often as possible all through the parts yet penetrate each cultural segment and are halfway associated with the principle topics encompassing these two bits of writing. In the novel War and Peace, there is one political figure that is integral to the improvement of the entire novel. This character doesn't show up regularly, yet the French Emperor, Napoleon Bonaparte, is the subject of discussion for the entire populace. From the opening of the novel; it is promptly evident that this singular man overwhelms all discussions and musings of society. Anna Pavlovna Scherer states first and foremost, in the event that you will permit yourself to approve all the terrible barbarities executed by that Antichrist㠢â‚ ¬Ã¢â‚¬ yes, that is the thing that I think he isà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â‚¬ I will repudiate you War 5. While Scherers hatred is shared by numerous individuals of different characters, the captivation by war and Bonaparte didn't disseminate. The negating assessments of Napoleon were likewise noticeable at the home of Prince Nicholas Bolkonski. Three characters got into a warmed conversation and Andrew had the boldness to differ with his dad regarding the matter of Bonaparte. This contradiction speaks to the profundity where to Bonaparte has saturated society; he spoke to the strain of war on families and connections. As the novel advanced, Napoleon turned into the image of war and languishing over the entire of Russian culture. This was an extreme change from the first thought of Bonaparte; a divine resembling figure. The force of his old picture was staggeringly convincing. This was apparent on June twelfth, 1812 when while crossing the Niemen River, the French and Polish soldiers were propelled to swim across in order to prove their commitment and enthusiasm. This impact scattered quickly, however, with the results of the Battle of Borodino and the bombed intrusion of Moscow. The misfortune appeared to be inadmissible to the French because of this thought of strength that Bonaparte had set up and subsequently his respectability declined, it is outside our ability to grasp that a huge number of Christian men ought to have slaughtered and tormented each other in light of the fact that Napoleon was a neurotic War 668. Napoleon contributed broadly to the books focal subjects and to the improvement of the fundamental messages in War and Peace. One such topic was soul ruling over influence, the battle for affection over cash and the estimation of life and respectability over the materialistic estimations of life. Napoleons misfortune didn't originate from an absence of provisions but since Bonaparte only hungered for matchless quality while the Russians were battling for more prominent's benefit and along these lines triumphed at long last. Tolstoys other novel, Anna Karenina, shares likenesses with War and Peace. Both of these bits of writing include a character wherein the crucial subjects of the novel are induced by an apparently insignificant character. The character, Stepan Arkadyich Oblonsky, fills in as the impetus for the plot and a few topics of Anna Karenina. Not at all like War and Peace which includes love on an increasingly oversimplified scale; Anna Karenina is a portrayal of the numerous faceted thought of affection which includes vain endeavors at marriage, family, and the unpardonable enthusiasm of infidelity. These ideas of affection are additionally separated by the expansive scope of characters who cooperate to build up the establishment of a balanced society. .u45f0cee609fd4791c16861a4ba59629a , .u45f0cee609fd4791c16861a4ba59629a .postImageUrl , .u45f0cee609fd4791c16861a4ba59629a .focused content zone { min-stature: 80px; position: relative; } .u45f0cee609fd4791c16861a4ba59629a , .u45f0cee609fd4791c16861a4ba59629a:hover , .u45f0cee609fd4791c16861a4ba59629a:visited , .u45f0cee609fd4791c16861a4ba59629a:active { border:0!important; } .u45f0cee609fd4791c16861a4ba59629a .clearfix:after { content: ; show: table; clear: both; } .u45f0cee609fd4791c16861a4ba59629a { show: square; change: foundation shading 250ms; webkit-progress: foundation shading 250ms; width: 100%; murkiness: 1; change: obscurity 250ms; webkit-change: mistiness 250ms; foundation shading: #95A5A6; } .u45f0cee609fd4791c16861a4ba59629a:active , .u45f0cee609fd4791c16861a4ba59629a:hover { darkness: 1; progress: haziness 250ms; webkit-change: haziness 250ms; foundation shading: #2C3E50; } .u45f0cee609fd4791c16861a4ba59629a .focused content region { width: 100%; position: relative; } .u45f0cee609fd4791c16861a4ba59629a .ctaText { outskirt base: 0 strong #fff; shading: #2980B9; text dimension: 16px; textual style weight: striking; edge: 0; cushioning: 0; content enhancement: underline; } .u45f0cee609fd4791c16861a4ba59629a .postTitle { shading: #FFFFFF; text dimension: 16px; text style weight: 600; edge: 0; cushioning: 0; width: 100%; } .u45f0cee609fd4791c16861a4ba59629a .ctaButton { foundation shading: #7F8C8D!important; shading: #2980B9; fringe: none; fringe sweep: 3px; box-shadow: none; text dimension: 14px; text style weight: intense; line-tallness: 26px; moz-fringe range: 3px; content adjust: focus; content embellishment: none; content shadow: none; width: 80px; min-stature: 80px; foundation: url(https://artscolumbia.org/wp-content/modules/intelly-related-posts/resources/pictures/basic arrow.png)no-rehash; position: supreme; right: 0; top: 0; } .u45f0cee609fd4791c16861a4ba59629a:hover .ctaButton { foundation shading: #34495E!important; } .u45f0cee609fd4791c168 61a4ba59629a .focused content { show: table; stature: 80px; cushioning left: 18px; top: 0; } .u45f0cee609fd4791c16861a4ba59629a-content { show: table-cell; edge: 0; cushioning: 0; cushioning right: 108px; position: relative; vertical-adjust: center; width: 100%; } .u45f0cee609fd4791c16861a4ba59629a:after { content: ; show: square; clear: both; } READ: William Faulkner’s As I Lay Dying EssayStepan assumes a fundamental job in this general public by characterizing the dominating subjects of infidelity and the internal identity from the earliest starting point. Infidelity portrays this whole abstract work; initiating with Stepans demonstrations of treachery and proceeding with Annas blasphemous choice to swindle at last consummation in a separation. Thinking back on the novel, it is promptly clear that Stepans rash and coldhearted activities impacted Anna to follow his philandering mentality. Whether or not Stepan was correct or wrong, Annas absence of self-judgment uncovers a f eeble and unfriendly character. Stepan, then again, was a dubious character; his evident convictions that enthusiasm preceded society and responsibility was a decision clashed with his great estimations of genuineness. When Stepans contact with his childrens tutor ejected away from any confining influence, his genuineness was unquestionable, he should not go㠢â‚ ¬Ã¢ ¦nothing could come out of it however deception; that to revise, to fix their relations was unthinkable, on the grounds that it was difficult to make her alluring again and ready to move love 12. The other subject that Stepan entirely includes is the youthfulness of grown-ups; his activities can be promptly contrasted with a youngster taking a treat from the treat jar㠢â‚ ¬Ã¢â‚¬ he either doesn't comprehend the seriousness of his activities or essentially couldn't care less. The absence of control and obligation in which Stepan handles his life is consumed by Anna in this manner impelling her whimsical choice to cheat, torpid envy, and her self destruction. Stepan was all the more a focal character then Bonaparte yet he satisfied a similar obligation of adding to the advancement of the essential subjects which crossed all through the whole novel. Both War and Peace and Anna Karenina were books that managed issues that despite everything spin out of control today; war and passing, the quest for adoration and fleeing from affection. Tolstoy joined key characters to help develop these thoughts that penetrate society so as to make an ageless, multidimensional novel that despite everything corresponds to the issues of today.

Dividing Decimals Using Estimation Coursework - 825 Words

Dividing Decimals Using Estimation (Coursework Sample) Content: Dividing Decimals Using EstimationGoing by the words of Sadi A (2007), decimals to students are the biggest challenge of all number concepts. It follows that division of decimals using estimation is a very important skill for elementary school students looking to horn their math skills. Notably, the strategy used in division and multiplication of whole numbers still applies for decimals problems. It is upon the teacher to advice the student to have an estimate of the quotient before actually attempting the problem. The topic on division of decimals using estimation comes after the class about developing strategies for fraction computation, developing concepts of decimals and percents, and interpretations of dividing fractions. All these are strategies that require mental input and adding this estimation strategy is very beneficial for math conceptual development of students. In dividing decimals, understanding the concept is very critical for both teacher and student. That is why decimal squares and other concrete materials come in handy in a decimal division lesson. It is very fulfilling to note how easy it is to make a connection between a math problem and day-to-day life. This should form the basis for a concrete understanding of decimal division concepts in students. This essay revisits the topic of dividing decimals using estimation by solving a mathematical task of that nature. By accomplishing this task, the challenges that students encounter solving a division of decimals problem will be identified. Part I: Teachers challenge The following is the solution of the task:Activity 17. 13: Provide a quotient correct to five digits without the decimal point, such as 146Ã ·7=20857. The task is to use only this quotient information and apply estimation strategy to give a precise answer. The solution for each of the figures is given below:146Ã ·0.7=208.571.46Ã ·7=0.2085714.6Ã ·0.7=20.8571460Ã ·70=20.857To get these answers, I used the roun ding technique of estimation that helps get and idea of the answer. It is very unlikely to get a wrong estimation by using this technique. Other techniques applicable in this case include front-end estimation, and compensation. Front-end estimation is the approach where changing all other numbers to zero apart from the first digit. Compensation is characterized by adjustment to make the estimate as close as possible to the true answer.Part II: Student ChallengeDivision of decimals is a very interesting topic as it is largely connected to multiplication. In fact, students are encouraged to think more of multiplication when they are dealing with a division estimate problem. The importance of this strategy comes to focus when you consider how the students estimate the following problems. In most of the questions, the students did not have any problem with division. However, question 4 presented some problem. For example, Student A erroneously added a zero in front of 8 in the number 200857, without knowing this altered the nature of the number completely. This mistake is a clear indication that the students do not have the conceptual understanding of dividing decimals using estimation. One of the misconceptions seen in children is that putting 0s at the front of whole numbers does not matter (Irwin). If this misconception is allowed to continue, the student might think that like in whole numbers, 0.2 is the same as 0.02. The demonstration here is that the students might have problems determining decimal quotients, using estimation. The insight from this is that it might be necessary to introduce a new strategy for the students to complement estimation. Encouragingly, the students demonstrate a great deal of understanding of the method used to divide the decimals. However, this should not be confused for complete mastery of the technique. Research shows that it is possible for students to grasp the method without getting the concepts. This is evident in studen t Cs solution to question 4 where there is confusion while reverting to division of whole numbers. The rounding off method I used for this task is different from the students strategy. Students rely on the method alone without emphasis on concepts and meaning of division of decimals. Conclusion Dividing Decimals Using Estimation Coursework - 825 Words Dividing Decimals Using Estimation (Coursework Sample) Content: Dividing Decimals Using EstimationGoing by the words of Sadi A (2007), decimals to students are the biggest challenge of all number concepts. It follows that division of decimals using estimation is a very important skill for elementary school students looking to horn their math skills. Notably, the strategy used in division and multiplication of whole numbers still applies for decimals problems. It is upon the teacher to advice the student to have an estimate of the quotient before actually attempting the problem. The topic on division of decimals using estimation comes after the class about developing strategies for fraction computation, developing concepts of decimals and percents, and interpretations of dividing fractions. All these are strategies that require mental input and adding this estimation strategy is very beneficial for math conceptual development of students. In dividing decimals, understanding the concept is very critical for both teacher and student. That is why decimal squares and other concrete materials come in handy in a decimal division lesson. It is very fulfilling to note how easy it is to make a connection between a math problem and day-to-day life. This should form the basis for a concrete understanding of decimal division concepts in students. This essay revisits the topic of dividing decimals using estimation by solving a mathematical task of that nature. By accomplishing this task, the challenges that students encounter solving a division of decimals problem will be identified. Part I: Teachers challenge The following is the solution of the task:Activity 17. 13: Provide a quotient correct to five digits without the decimal point, such as 146Ã ·7=20857. The task is to use only this quotient information and apply estimation strategy to give a precise answer. The solution for each of the figures is given below:146Ã ·0.7=208.571.46Ã ·7=0.2085714.6Ã ·0.7=20.8571460Ã ·70=20.857To get these answers, I used the roun ding technique of estimation that helps get and idea of the answer. It is very unlikely to get a wrong estimation by using this technique. Other techniques applicable in this case include front-end estimation, and compensation. Front-end estimation is the approach where changing all other numbers to zero apart from the first digit. Compensation is characterized by adjustment to make the estimate as close as possible to the true answer.Part II: Student ChallengeDivision of decimals is a very interesting topic as it is largely connected to multiplication. In fact, students are encouraged to think more of multiplication when they are dealing with a division estimate problem. The importance of this strategy comes to focus when you consider how the students estimate the following problems. In most of the questions, the students did not have any problem with division. However, question 4 presented some problem. For example, Student A erroneously added a zero in front of 8 in the number 200857, without knowing this altered the nature of the number completely. This mistake is a clear indication that the students do not have the conceptual understanding of dividing decimals using estimation. One of the misconceptions seen in children is that putting 0s at the front of whole numbers does not matter (Irwin). If this misconception is allowed to continue, the student might think that like in whole numbers, 0.2 is the same as 0.02. The demonstration here is that the students might have problems determining decimal quotients, using estimation. The insight from this is that it might be necessary to introduce a new strategy for the students to complement estimation. Encouragingly, the students demonstrate a great deal of understanding of the method used to divide the decimals. However, this should not be confused for complete mastery of the technique. Research shows that it is possible for students to grasp the method without getting the concepts. This is evident in studen t Cs solution to question 4 where there is confusion while reverting to division of whole numbers. The rounding off method I used for this task is different from the students strategy. Students rely on the method alone without emphasis on concepts and meaning of division of decimals. Conclusion

Cognitive Behavioral Treatment Plan For Jane - 1799 Words

Course Paper: Cognitive Behavioral Treatment Plan for Jane Tiffany Gyimah 02-46-333-01 Cognitive Behavioral Treatment Plan for Jane Many like to believe that therapy is simply just a therapist and a client discussing childhood problems. Although that is a small portion of what therapy can be for someone there are so many other aspects to psychotherapy as treatment. Psychotherapy is often suggested for many disorders and has become very effective in improving and healing those disorders without medicated treatment. With therapy, treatment plans are often used to properly convey and focus on the type therapy being used. Treatment plans are important when it comes to the therapy session because it can provide information†¦show more content†¦Cognitive behavioral therapy can be applied to a range of disorders for improvement. CBT can work by changing people’s behavior and attitudes to focus on underlining issues within their thoughts, and beliefs. This type of therapy is based on the meanings we give our negative thoughts (Martin, 2016). Negative thoughts can essentially hinder positive behavior, crea ting a cycle. CBT works to change the way of thinking for a patient to encourage positive behavior. Someone who is suffering from psychological distress often has a negative way of interpreting situations, which becomes a cycle (McLeod, 1970). In terms of Cognitive Behavioral Therapy, behavioral and emotional change can be accomplished with change in cognition. There is a focus on what is going on in the patients’ life currently rather than the past (Cognitive Behavioral Therapy, 2016); highlighting only the current reasons for certain emotions. According to Gaudiano (2008), the major component of cognitive behavioral therapy is cognitive change then symptom reduction, which is thought to lead to improvements. The therapy is intended to help make patients become aware of the undesired behaviors and create alternate ways of thinking. It is about small changes that eventually lead to a greater impact on feelings and behavior. In regards to using the CBT technique there is structure based on how and which specific technique is used. CBT incorporates different therapeutic techniques in order toShow MoreRelatedSeparation Anxiety And Its Effects On Children1560 Words   |  7 Pagesof the most common anxiety disorders i n children affecting one out of twenty. It is a developmental stage during which the child experiences anxiety when separated from the primary care giver, usually the mother, and is in fact a part of natural cognitive development. When a baby is around 6 months old, they start to understand that they are detached from their mother, meaning the mother can leave at any time. 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Concept Of Identity And Identity - 1529 Words

Concept of Identity The concept of identity is essential to the psychological study of humans and their importance in society. One established definition of identity states it is an outcome of participating in the process of identification (Lawler, S 2008). Identification occurs in two main stages. The primary stage is uniquely personal as it is the fundamental part of one’s personality. It is exhibited in every action undertaken by the person. The secondary stage is malleable and adjusts itself based on the situation. As a result, it is possible a different identity is provided in each event. These stages are both vital to the concept of identity. Family (which is present in the first stage) is important in the early stages of one’s life during development and remains mostly unchanged. While a workplace rather (which is present in the second stage) is a social aspect that one’s identity must adapt to while becoming part of society. As a result, each stage is equally important in th e concept of identity. A popular theorist in this field of study, Erik Erikson developed a unique viewpoint on the concept of Identity. Erikson’s theory states that as a person matures they will be faced with various issues they must overcome, with failure inducing an inability to complete future stages and cause a person to have an corrupt personality and concept of their own identity. The picture below outlines the various stages one must engage in throughout their life. The ‘ideal’ person isShow MoreRelatedConcept of Identity860 Words   |  4 PagesThe concept of identity and it s shifting influences has many forms such as; cultural, social, community, racial, sex and so on. These leave many in society with a â€Å"label† or stereotype to their name if they are out of place, unique, one of a kind or just being themselves and society doesn t condone this. 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Self concept is the intellectual and theoretical awareness and constant regard that conscious beings hold with regard to their own self. Elements of a persons self concept include but are not limited physical, psychological, and social attributes and can be affected by its attitudes, habits, beliefs and ideas. These factors can each be condensed to the common ideas of self esteem as well as self image.Read MoreThe Concept Of A Personal Identity1366 Words   |  6 PagesThe concept of a personal identity develops as we grow. In this way, our identity shifts and changes because as we grow, we change. This evolution brings up the question of what makes up our personal identity. Is our identity qualitative in the sense that if we look the same as we did yesterday, we are the same? That theory has some overt problems in that twins, for example, may look identical, but they are not in fact the same person. 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The notion of identity is an enduring subject that sociologists have been analyzingRead MoreIdentity Management, Concepts, And Definitions1734 Words   |  7 Pages(1) The Topic: Identity Management, Concepts, and Definitions What is Identity Management? In sociological terms it is communication strategy which is goal-oriented. It operates on both the conscious and subconscious level; communicators attempt to control the impressions of other people about themselves. This is achieved by governing and effecting various impressions designed to control social interactions. It is the outward facing or presenting self, in which one manipulates their

Banking System and its Impact on the Economic Development

Question: Describe about theBanking System and its Impact on the Economic Development? Answer: Introduction Banking system plays a key role in the economic development of the United States of America. The Bank of New York was formed in the year 1784, and is known to be one of the oldest banks in the country. There are different types of services rendered by the bank. The performance of the bank depends upon the global economy of the country. It has played an indefinable role in the economic development of the nation. The centralised banking system has improved the payment systems, which is an important factor of the economic development. Apart from this, the authorities of the banks also work towards issuing currencies to the nation. The banks also work towards issuing legal tender, which is also called as the Federal Reserve Notes and coins. One of the major reasons for the economic development of the country has been due to effective financial sector that operates in the USA. The reformed system has helped the authorities in drafting and implementing changes that are required for analysi ng the long term financial requirements of the nation. This essay has been prepared on the global economic event about the lawsuits that were lodged against some of the established banks in the USA (Adrian and Shin, 2007). Case study Issue with the banks There is no second opinion about the fact that the banks play a key role in the development of the nation. However in the year 2013, there were many lawsuits that were registered against reputed banks like JPMorgan Chase, and others. In fact the banks had to loss huge amount on compensating against the cases that were filed against the authorities. Most of the lawsuits were filed by the government, and the funds had to be compensated to the federal authorities. Some of the reasons that were stated for charging the compensation amount were - Investments in the sales pre-financial crisis Bad mortgage (Gorton, and Metrick, 2010) Apart from this, there were tremendous increase in the number of small litigation charges that were filed by different parties like the - Small and medium sized business houses Individuals (BIS Woing Papers, 2000) Government Apart from the JPMorgan, there were many other banks that also faced tough time with handling the issues related to litigation in the United States of America. Such factors had a direct impact on the economic development and plan that was drafted by the authorities of the country. This was one of the reasons, the rules and policies governing the banking policies in the country made quite strict. Besides this, the law amount varied from each other and completely depended on the case that was filed against the banks. Some of the banks that had to bear the crunch of lawsuits were- Bank of America Goldman Sachs Morgan Stanley Many of the companies had to face issues with the procedure that was adopted for the sales of securities including mortgage. The banks had manipulated the sales figures in order to increase the sales for the organization. Such lawsuits had created a wrong impression about the financial system that existed within the country. As per some experts, an increase in the lawsuit was direct indication that the financial system and the federal authorities had fair chance to adopt fraudulent methods for manipulating the figures. This had directly affected the economic viability of the country, and impacted the performance (Gordy, 2000). The economic performance of the country depends upon various factors, and they have to be analysed at regular intervals. In 2014, the economic progress of many developing countries including the United States of America was not up to the mark. This was basically associated with the financial market and its stability. The economic had viewed changes in different prices like oil, increase in the interest rates, and many others. In order to regularise the price and the performance of the banks, it was quite important to introduce rules through which the policies and rules could be regularised for this, it was essential to draft the best policies through which the wrong practices could be reduced or controlled. Both the factors were considered to be quite important, and the federal authorities had to take the corrective steps through which the changes could be implemented (Jones, 2000). Financial experts had discussed about the impact of improper banking systems on the savings and payment transactions that were carried out by the individuals. This is one of the reasons, the performance of the multilateral developmental banks were analysed. Through this method, an attempt was made to analyse the current structure that was followed by the management to improve upon the performance of the banks. In order to improve the performance, the managers of the banks were vested with additional responsibilities to check and supervise the business operational activities. It also included supervising the programs that were developed by the banks to benefit the people and other industries. Banks specialising in the market based loans had to follow strict rules through which the changes in terms of policies and other factors could be implemented. This was quite an essential step, and was meant to help in improving the performance of the banks. In this process, the rules to grant con cessional loans to the individuals, industries, or to the countries were analysed. This was done to introduce the best policies through which the changes could be implemented for increasing the performance of the banks. The process that was expected to be followed by the banks, including the repayment procedure was supervised. Through this method, the management had expected to decrease the possibilities of wrong recording of the details or information. It was also necessary to improve the standards that were expected to be followed by the banks. This would help in increasing the level of transparency that was followed by the banks (Mitchell, 2013). Also an attempt was made to minimise the number of fraudulent actives that incurred between the clients and the banks. This was one of the most important factors that were expected to help in improving the performance of the banks. Due to inefficient performance of the banks, many individuals were also impacted. It was noticed that the mortgage loan interest rates had tremendously increased. This was indeed a matter to be concerned about. The changes that were proposed to be introduced by the government include analysing the reasons or factors that caused an increase in the rates of interest. An increase in the rate of interest was a deep concern as this had directly impacted the savings of the people. Such a factor had to be controlled as the rise in the price had increased the cost of living for the people. In order to improve the condition, the government had to take up the necessary steps through which the changes in the market could be introduced. Apart from introducing the step s, it was also necessary to analyse the changes that were expected to be implemented for improving the banking system. Such a change had a direct impact on the financial budget that is prepared by the federal authorities of the country. In the usual process, the rules for budget are updated so as to implement the changes that would help in amending the financial system. This is one of the most important factors that would help in the development of the country and the people. However due to manipulation of the price and the reports by the banks impacts the financial position of the country. Apart from this, wrong sales of mortgage loans and other factors affects the confidence of the people. This affects the savings, which is quite important for the successful business operational activities of the federal authorities. Thus, the goals that were drafted by the authorities had to face unexpected challenges (Morgan Stanley Research, 2010). Just like the under-developed and developing countries, the developed nations have to make the best use of the resources. The resources include finance, human, and knowledge. This has to be done, so as to provide the best support to the economic developmental program that has been drafted by the authorities of the nation. In this case, the structural reformat program has to be drafted and implemented in the best possible manner. This will help the management in adapting and implementing the best reformat programs that will be suitable for the nation and the people. Improper performance of the banks was one of the major roadblocks that could directly affect the economic development of the country. This also includes developing and implementing the best policies for introducing the investment plan that were required in the private sector factors. It is quite important for the banks and other financial sectors to concentre on the development of the industries, as it could generate stabl e and lucrative jobs for the people (Song, 2009). Changes in the policies The federal authorities of the country are working towards introducing the best policies for improving the banking rules. This is being also done to increase the transparent level that has been followed by the banks. In other words, the banks and the financial system are expected to provide maximum information to the clients. In fact, the offer to sell the product shouldnt be forceful. Apart from this, the strategies followed by the authorities have to be impressive and intend to benefit the customers. This is one of the factors that would positively contribute towards the development of the nation and the people. Such a factor will also help the management to cope with the slowdown in the economic condition (Nouy, 2000). Banking theories As per bank capital regulation theory, it is stated that the policies and strategies needs to be regulated. This will help in controlling the down performance of various factors that causes market failure. In such a case, it becomes imperative to analyse the external factors that can affect the performance of the banks. Thus, it is stated that the performance of the banks, including its policies needs to be regulated. This will help in improving the performance of the financial institutions. The theory highlights the features of the systemic crisis that are associated with the performance of the banks. The other factor that needs to be considered in this process is the inability of the depositor to check on the performance of the banks. In the systemic risk argument, it is stated that the banks that renders the liquid services to the clients has to update the accounts on a regular basis. This has been done with an intention of analysing the reason for liquidating the assets that is held by the banks. At this time, it is essential to provide the depositors with the right information that would talk about the value of the deposits. Such factors would reduce the possibilities of providing wrong information to the clients, and other institutes (Stein, 2010). In the other case, the banks are recommended to invest in the riskless securities. This basically includes short term securities that have been issued by the federal authorities. However the challenges that are involved in the process have to be analysed. Theory on the depositors expectations It has been stated that the banking policies and rules has to be regularised, as this will help in handing the challenges that are faced by the authorities and clients. It means the ownership factors needs to be differentiated from the management. This will improve the performance and help the banking authorities to make the right decision. The rules associated with the same needs to be communicated effectively with the members, companies, and other organizations that are a part of the banking activities. The contracts and other deals have to be clearly mentioned and discussed with the clients and other individuals who are associated with the performance of the banks. This will help the depositors to analyse the challenges and get a clarification about the tasks that were expected to be performed by the banks. It is true that the depositors are not vested with the responsibilities to check on the performance of the bank. However, it is equally true that the authorities need to make t he right choice through which the necessary changes in case of the performance of the bank can be implemented this is one of the most important factors that would help in adopting the best strategies through which the necessary changes can be implemented by the federal authorities (Stiroh and Strahan, 2003). Such regulations have to be implemented as it would help the banking authorities to do the right things through which the policies and the performance of the banks can be improved. Apart from this, the banking frauds and other inabilities can be overpowered. This will help in adopting and implementing the right steps through which the performance of the banks can be improved (Song, 2009). Conclusion The challenges faced by the banks and the federal authorities have to be analysed. This will help in analysing the issues and taking the right steps through which the quality of the services provided by the banks can be improved. This is necessary to ensure that the members have the necessary information through which the issues related to the banking methods and policies can be evaluated. In this process, the policies have to be evaluated and the corrective steps needs to be taken to introduce the necessary changes that will help in increasing the performance. References Adrian and Shin, 2007. "Liquidity and Leverage" forthcoming in Journal of Financial Intermediation. BIS Woing Papers, 2000.Bank Capital Regulation In Contemporary Banking Theory: A Review Of The Literature. Viewed on 3rd Febuary, 2014. Retrieved from https://www.bis.org/publ/work90.pdf Gorton B, and Metrick A, 2010. Securitized Banking and the Run on Repo. Yale ICF Working Paper 09-14. Gordy, M.B. (2000): A Comparative Anatomy of Credit Risk Models, Journal of Banking and Finance 24, 119-149. Jones, D. (2000): Emerging Problems with the Basel Accord: Regulatory Capital Arbitrage and Related Issues, Journal of Banking and Finance 14, 35-58. Mitchell A, 2013. 10 Most Important Economic Events of 2013. Viewed on 3rd Febuary, 2014. Retrieved from https://wallstcheatsheet.com/stocks/10-most-important-economic-events-of-2013.html/?a=viewall Morgan Stanley Research, 2010. European Banks: 49 Billion of Swiss CoCos. Nouy, D. (2000): Reforming Bank Capital Requirements Presentation at the Bank Structure Conference of the Federal Reserve Bank of Chicago Song S, 2009. Reflections on Northern Rock: The Bank Run that Heralded the Global Financial Crisis. Journal of Economic Perspectives, 23(1), 101119. Stein C, 2010b. Securitization, Shadow Banking, and Financial Fragility. Daedalus, 139(4): 4151. Stiroh J and Strahan E, 2003. Competitive Dynamics of Deregulation: Evidence from U.S. Banking. Journal of Money, Credit, and Banking, 35(5): 80128.